The Use of Symbolism in Hills Like White Elephants

Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants is rich with symbolism, particularly through the title and various images throughout the story. One of the most prominent symbols in the narrative is the white elephant itself, which can be interpreted as a metaphor for the central issue the couple faces: the pregnancy. Symbolism in Hemingway’s work, especially in this short story, adds layers of meaning that invite readers to interpret the text beyond its surface-level dialogue. Through the use of symbolic elements like the hills, the train station, and even the weather, Hemingway skillfully enhances the emotional and thematic depth of the story.

The Symbolism of the Hills and the White Elephant

The title of the story, Hills Like White Elephants, offers an early clue to the story’s symbolic meaning. The “hills” are often seen as a representation of the looming decision the couple faces—one that is difficult and unavoidable, much like the giant presence of a white elephant in a room. In Asian culture, a white elephant is a rare and sacred creature but also considered a burden because it requires immense care and attention. In this context, the pregnancy that the woman, Jig, faces is akin to the white elephant—something unwanted yet undeniable, creating a heavy and uncomfortable reality for both characters.

The Train Station: A Symbol of Transition and Decision

The story’s setting, at a train station, is another important symbolic element. The station represents a liminal space—a transitional moment where a decision must be made, but the future is still uncertain. Just like the couple’s conversation, the station is a place where two paths diverge, and their future is contingent upon the choices they make. This symbolism reinforces the central theme of indecision and the inability to communicate effectively about the serious issue they face.

The Weather as Symbolism

The weather also plays a subtle yet important role in the symbolism of the story. The hot, dry weather surrounding the train station contrasts with the idea of the hills, which appear “like white elephants.” The contrast between the heat and the coolness of the hills can be interpreted as symbolic of the tension between the couple’s emotions and their choices. The oppressive heat mirrors the weight of their conversation, while the coolness of the hills could represent the potential calm after the storm, should they come to a resolution.

Conclusion

Hemingway’s use of symbolism in Hills Like White Elephants adds layers of meaning to the story, inviting readers to engage with the text on a deeper level. From the symbolic white elephant to the train station and weather, Hemingway uses these elements to explore themes of indecision, burden, and unspoken tension, making this short story a powerful exploration of human emotion and conflict.