Examples of References in APL Materials Format

This section provides properly formatted reference examples for different source types in APL Materials citation style. Each example follows the journal’s formatting rules, ensuring clarity and consistency in academic writing.

Journal Articles

Journal articles follow a strict format that includes author names, article title, journal abbreviation, volume, page number, and year. A DOI should be included whenever possible.

Examples:

Single Author:
Smith, J. K., J. Appl. Phys. 85, 1234 (2018).
Multiple Authors:
Doe, A. L., Brown, P. M., and Lee, C. H., Phys. Rev. B 102, 4567 (2021).
With a DOI:
Johnson, M. R., Adv. Mater. 33, 9876 (2020). https://doi.org/10.0000/example.

Books

Books require author(s), book title (italicized), publisher, location, and year of publication. If citing a specific edition, include it before the publisher’s name.

Examples:

Single Author:
Johnson, M. T., Nanomaterials and Applications, 2nd ed., Springer, Berlin (2019).
Multiple Authors:
Lee, P. R., and Kim, H. J., Materials Science Handbook, Wiley, New York (2017).
Edited Volume:
Anderson, D. F. (Ed.), Advances in Thin Films, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2020).

Book Chapters

When citing a chapter within a book, include the chapter author, title (in quotes), book editor(s), book title, page range, publisher, and year.

Example:

Smith, R. T., “Growth Mechanisms in Thin Films,” in Materials Processing, edited by K. H. Lee, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 45-67 (2022).

Conference Proceedings

Conference papers require the author(s), paper title (in quotes), conference name, location, and year. Published proceedings should include volume and page numbers if available.

Chen, L. and Nguyen, T. V., “Advancements in Nanostructures,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Nanotech., San Francisco, USA, pp. 200-205 (2019).

For unpublished conference presentations, mention “unpublished” at the end:

Jones, M. R., “Synthesis of Novel Photonic Materials,” presented at the American Physical Society Meeting, Chicago, USA (2021), unpublished.

Theses and Dissertations

Citations for theses and dissertations must include author name, title (in quotes), degree type, university, and year.

Taylor, P. S., “Electromechanical Properties of Polymer Films,” Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University (2018).

For a master’s thesis, replace “Ph.D. thesis” with “M.Sc. thesis”:

Gonzalez, H. L., “Thermal Stability in Nano-Coatings,” M.Sc. thesis, University of Toronto (2020).

Reports

Reports often have institutional or government authors. Include authoring body, report title (italicized), report number (if available), and publication year.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Advancements in Material Characterization, Technical Report No. 2021-05 (2021).

If an individual author is credited:

Brown, P. R., Materials Testing for Aerospace Applications, NASA Report No. 1034 (2019).

Websites

Citing online sources requires author (if available), webpage title (in quotes), website name, publication date (or access date if unknown), and URL.

Kim, S., “New Trends in Semiconductor Research,” Materials Today, June 12, 2021. https://www.examplejournal.com/article123.

For websites with no listed author:

“Breakthroughs in Graphene Technology,” American Physical Society, accessed March 5, 2023. https://www.examplewebsite.com/graphene-news.

Master APL Citation with Ease

Accurate citations are essential for credibility and academic integrity. By following APL Materials guidelines, researchers can ensure their references are correctly formatted and meet journal standards.