What is the purpose of descriptive coding?

Introduction

Descriptive coding is a technique in qualitative research that assigns labels to segments of a qualitative data set to summarize their basic content. By using short phrases or single words, qualitative researchers using descriptive coding can categorize and organize large amounts of textual or visual information. This method provides a straightforward way to identify themes and patterns.

In this article, we will examine the purpose of descriptive coding, distinguish it from interpretive coding, discuss when to use it, and outline the steps involved in applying descriptive coding to your research.

What is the purpose of descriptive coding?

The primary purpose of a descriptive code is to categorize data based on its basic content without interpreting or analyzing deeper meanings. With descriptive codes, researchers can organize large amounts of information into manageable segments.

This method helps in quickly identifying the main topics or subjects present in the data. By labeling data segments with descriptive codes, researchers create an index of topics that can be easily referenced throughout the analysis process. This indexing facilitates the retrieval of specific data points when needed.

Descriptive coding also serves as a foundation for further, more detailed analysis. By establishing an organized framework through descriptive codes, researchers can later apply more complex coding methods, such as pattern or thematic coding. This initial step ensures that the data is systematically arranged, making subsequent analysis more efficient.

Additionally, descriptive coding aids in maintaining objectivity during the early stages of research. By focusing on summarizing content rather than interpreting it, researchers using descriptive coding can reduce personal bias. This approach ensures that the data is represented accurately before any interpretive analysis is conducted.