Gender Dynamics and Power Struggles in Hills Like White Elephants

In Hills Like White Elephants, Ernest Hemingway subtly explores the gender dynamics between the two main characters, Jig and the American man. Through their dialogue and the underlying tension in their interaction, the story examines power struggles that arise from differing viewpoints, particularly regarding agency, control, and decision-making in their relationship. The power imbalance between Jig and the American man becomes a critical aspect of the story, revealing the complex and often unequal dynamics between men and women.

The American Man’s Control

Throughout the story, the American man exerts subtle control over the conversation and the situation. He is focused on persuading Jig to undergo the abortion, emphasizing how easy and uncomplicated it will be, and downplaying its emotional significance. The language he uses—encouraging Jig to “just let the thing go”—reveals his desire to minimize the situation and dismiss the emotional weight of the decision. His perspective is clear: he wants to maintain control of the situation and avoid any real emotional responsibility. This attitude reflects the power dynamic in their relationship, where the man’s voice dominates the conversation, and his wishes take precedence over Jig’s feelings.

Jig’s Emotional Subjugation

In contrast, Jig struggles to assert her own perspective and desires. Throughout the conversation, she is hesitant and passive, unsure of how to articulate her emotional turmoil. Her responses are often indirect, hinting at her discomfort but never fully expressing her doubts and fear. The man’s insistence on downplaying the abortion as a simple procedure leaves little room for Jig to challenge his perspective. She is caught in a power struggle where her voice is stifled, and her desires are secondary to the man’s control over the narrative.

The Gendered Nature of Decision-Making

The power imbalance between the characters also speaks to broader societal themes, particularly how decisions related to women’s bodies have often been controlled by men. The American man’s dominant role in the conversation reflects a gendered power dynamic, where Jig’s autonomy and voice are overshadowed by his influence. This unequal power dynamic highlights the gendered nature of reproductive choices and the societal expectations that women should conform to male desires.

Conclusion

The gender dynamics in Hills Like White Elephants are critical in understanding the emotional and power struggles between the characters. Through the American man’s dominant control and Jig’s passive reluctance, Hemingway illustrates the tensions that arise in relationships where one partner holds more influence than the other. The story raises important questions about gender roles, autonomy, and control, making it a thought-provoking exploration of power and inequality in intimate relationships.